Mini Projects

                                       Mini Project 1

Automatic Water Level control System

Abstract 

Water-level controllers are common nowadays. The one described here is built around timer NE555 and inverter buffer CMOS IC CD4049. It uses readily-available, low-cost components, and is easy to build and install on the over-head tank (OHT) to prevent wastage of water. The circuit works off a 12V battery or 230V AC mains using a 12V adaptor. The three sensors built from non-corrosive metal are fitted to the OHT as shown in Fig. 2 and connected to the circuit (Fig. 1) at appropriate terminals. Power supply terminal Vcc is at the bottom of the tank, sensor terminal L is just above the bottom of the tank and sensor terminal H is at the top of the tank. After you have properly installed the sensors in the OHT and connected the power supply, the circuit is ready to use. Since Vcc terminal is at the bottom of the tank, when the water level falls below sensor L, timer IC2 is triggered at pin 2 via inverters N1 and N2 and its output goes high. As a result, the output of timer IC2 goes high. Relay RL1 energies and the motor starts filling water in the tank. The motor remains ‘on’ even when the water level crosses sensor L. As water in the tank rises to touch sensor H, timer IC2 is retriggered at pin 6 via inverters N3 and N4 and as a result, its output goes low. The relay de-energizes and the motor stops filling water in the tank. The motor remains ‘off’ even when the water level falls below sensor H. As water is consumed and its level falls below sensor L, the motor restarts. Thereafter, the cycle repeats. You can also manually start and stop the motor using switch S1.  

Circuit Diagram 

        

                                              

  

Practically Working Tested Kit

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Mini Project 2

Automatic Street Light Control

Abstract

This project aims at designing and executing the advanced development in embedded systems for energy saving of street lights with light depending resistor. Nowadays, human has become too busy and he is unable to find time even to switch the lights wherever not necessary. This can be seen more effectively in the case of street lights. The present system is like, the street lights will be switched on in the evening before the sun sets and they are switched off the next day morning after there is sufficient light on the roads. But the actual timings for these street lights to be switched on are when there is absolute darkness. With this, the power will be wasted up to some extent. This project gives the best solution for electrical power wastage. Also the manual operation of the lighting system is completely eliminated. In our project we are using LDR, which varies according to the amount of light falling on its surface, this give an indication for us whether it is a day/night time. For this light detector sensor circuit we need a 12V Regulated DC power supply, which is included in this PCB.

Circuit Diagram 

                                    

 

Instead LED use 5v Relay to control the Light . Needs no manual operation for switching ON and OFF. When there is need of light it automatically switches ON. When darkness rises to a certain value then sensor circuit gets activated and switches ON and when there is other source of light i.e. day time, the street light gets OFF. The sensitiveness of the street light can also be adjusted. In our project we have used four L.E.D for indication of bulb but for high power switching one can connect Relay (electromagnetic switch) at the output of pin 3 of I.C 555. Then it will be possible to turn ON/OFF any electrical appliances connected all the way through relay.

Practically Working Tested Kit

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